Simply Knowing BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

     In scientific terms, "bioactive" refers to "biologically active." A bioactive chemical is a material that has biological action. Numerous diseases, which includes hypertension (Oliveira Filho et al., 2020), diabetes (Valencia-Mejía et al., 2019), cardiovascular disease (Rangel-Huerta et al., 2015), and neurological disease (Mohd Sairazi and Sirajudeen, 2020), may be prevented or treated with the help of the bioactive compounds found in residue matrices. Furthermore, bioactive compounds can be added to food to improve its sensory, nutritional, and technical qualities, such as its ability to retain oil and water, foam, emulsify, and gelatinize. (Egea et al., 2018; Guimarães et al., 2019). For example, the bioactive compounds present in fruits are mentioned in a flowchart given below.

    In order to properly utilise agro-industrial matrices, bioactive chemicals must be produced/extracted using environmentally friendly methods as opposed to traditional ones, and then process conditions must be optimised (Lemes et al., 2016a; Heemann et al., 2019). Biological processes are noteworthy in this regard because they have the potential to improve the agro-industrial matrices' production, extraction, and application of their constituents in a more appealing manner (Jegatheesan et al., 2020). Biological techniques provide several benefits because of their selectivity, such as the ability to produce extracts with high bioactivity and purity and low toxicity (Chen, 2015; Habeebullah et al., 2020; Wang and Lü, 2021).

    Numerous food waste materials can yield bioactive compounds. For example, cereal bran, which is rich in flavonoids, glucans, pigments, and phenolic compounds (Pauline et al., 2020); fruit and vegetable wastes, which have been shown to contain phenolic compounds (Trombino et al., 2021); and complex carbohydrates (Pérez et al., 2002); and animal wastes, such as fish wastes that are high in omega 3 (Bonilla-Méndez and Hoyos-Concha, 2018) and milk processing wastes, which have been shown to contain peptides (Pires et al., 2021).

                                            

                                                         
    Agro-industrial wastes include a variety of bioactive chemicals, some of which are of particular relevance for use in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. These substances include bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and other molecules with unique biological and technical qualities.